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Topic Pages contain an overview, definitions, biographies, related topics, images, plus links to relevant articles and other content provided by your library. Topic Page: Memes

Definition: meme from The Macquarie Dictionary
1.

a cultural element, as a custom, concept, etc., which is passed on through time and across cultures by communication or imitation; contrasted with a gene which is transmitted biologically.

Plural: memes

2.

internet meme memes

Etymology: coined by British zoologist Richard Dawkins in his book The Selfish Gene (1976); extracted from Greek mimema an imitation, formed as a monosyllable to complement gene

memetic /m7'm8t1k/, /muh'metik/ adjective memeticist /m7'm8t7s7st/, /muh'metuhsuhst/ noun

Summary Article: Memes
from Encyclopedia of Public Relations

The term meme originated in 1976 from the work of Richard Dawkins who used it to define the spread of cultural phenomena such as fashion. Modern use of the term refers more specifically to Internet memes; that is, the spread of ideas materialized in images, videos, hashtags, hyperlinks, text, phrases, and so on via the Internet.

Social media allow for the instantaneous spread of ideas and thus, offer the potential for an idea to be viewed by numerous individuals through sharing on social networks, blogs, vlogs, microblogs, and so on.

Internet memes generally share the following features: (1) widespread; (2) viral; (3) amusing; and often (4) nonsensical to those who are not part of such Internet subculture.

Internet memes may be long- or short-lived. For example, LOLcats describe a meme that features images of cats with accompanying text termed LOLspeak; that is, a language structure used by participants (e.g., http://speaklolspeak.com). The cultlike following of LOLcats and the associated use of a special language demonstrates the existence of Internet memes as cultural phenomena, bearing resemblance to Dawkins's original definition of memes. LOLspeak has since expanded into its own meme, being applied to contexts other than cats. Another popular example includes the text or hashtag fail or epic-fail as applied to a variety of online media featuring a failure to correctly do something (e.g., http://failblog.org).

Shorter lived Internet memes may include the hashtag first-world-problems that trended in 2011 as a humorous method of posting about inconveniences experienced by individuals in developed areas (as opposed to those issues faced by individuals in underdeveloped areas).

Internet memes may spread offline as in the case of rickrolling. Rickrolling on the Internet involves tricking others into following a disguised hyperlink to a music video of Rick Astley's (1987) song “Never Gonna Give You Up,” which currently has more than 63 million views on You-Tube. In 2008, the New York Mets offered a Web poll to determine which song would be played during their home opener. Organizers allowed a blank field for write-ins, and Astley's song received more than 5 million write-in votes.

Communication professionals have sought to embrace memes for the purposes of viral and guerilla marketing efforts, sometimes termed memetic marketing. As with any viral campaign efforts, communicators may find the spread of brand memes difficult, as memes are generally considered part of an Internet subculture that does not generally welcome contributions by organizations. However, organizations such as Cadbury and BlendTec have found success in using humor for such an approach.

The technical creation of an Internet meme is easier than ever with the advancement of photo- and video-editing software and websites dedicated to the creation of memes (see, e.g., http://quickmeme.com). The preponderance of ideas as proposed memes has even led to the creation of websites such as http://knowyourmeme.com, which offers a searchable database of memes that detail origin, year, uses, and so on. The site also includes status, which either confirms or rejects the status of the idea as a meme.

See also Guerilla Marketing

Further Readings
  • Dawkins, R. (2006). The selfish gene (30th Anniversary Edition). Oxford University Press Oxford, UK. (Originally published 1976).
  • Mostrous, A. (2008, April 11). New York Mets get ‘rickrolled’ in musical prank. Fox News. Retrieved from http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,349832,00.html.
  • Walker, A. (2011). Lolcats & memetic marketing— Canyourbrandhascheezburger? Sage Blog. Retrieved from http://www.sage.co.uk/blog/index.php/2011/11/lolcats-memetic-marketing-canyourbrandhas cheezburger.
    • Melissa D. Dodd
    Dodd, Melissa D. "Memes." In Encyclopedia of Public Relations, edited by Robert L. Heath. 2nd ed. Sage Publications, 2013. https://search.credoreference.com/content/topic/memes
    Dodd, M.D. (2013). Memes. In R.L. Heath (Ed.), Encyclopedia of public relations. (2nd ed.). [Online]. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications. Available from: https://search.credoreference.com/content/topic/memes [Accessed 26 March 2019].
    Dodd, Melissa D. "Memes." Encyclopedia of Public Relations, edited by Robert L. Heath, Sage Publications, 2nd edition, 2013. Credo Reference, https://search.credoreference.com/content/topic/memes. Accessed 26 Mar. 2019.
    © 2013 SAGE Publications, Inc
    Real-time Reference: Background research on issues of real-time importance. real-time reference from The Conversation: An Independent Source of Analysis from Academic Researchers
    Full text Article The surprising academic origins of memes

    There’s never a dull moment on the internet, and that’s got a lot to do with the fact that the content shared online is constantly changing – thanks in part to the creativity of users who remix, parody or caption popular images or videos, to create memes. Punchy and humorous, memes are the perfect…

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