The framework of US federal government, drafted at the Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia in 1787, and ratified in 1788 to take effect from
Country in northwest Europe off the coast of France, comprising England, Scotland , Wales , and Northern Ireland . Government The UK is a multiparty
The Republic of Italy is bordered to the N by the Alps which overlook the N plains, Italy's most fertile and densely populated region, drained by the
(sēr'ēӘ), officially Syrian Arab Republic, republic (2015 est. pop. 18,735,000), 71,467 sq mi (185,100 sq km), W Asia. It borders on Lebanon and the
(EU), name given since the ratification (Nov., 1993) of the Treaty of European Union, or Maastricht Treaty, to the European Community (EC), an
officially Togolese Republic, republic (2015 est. pop. 7,417,000), 21,622 sq mi (56,000 sq km), W Africa. It borders on the Gulf of Guinea in the
Country in west Africa, bounded northwest by Nigeria, northeast by Chad, east by the Central African Republic, south by the Republic of the Congo,
Country in south-central Europe, bounded north by Austria, east by Hungary, west by Italy, and south by Croatia. Government Slovenia is a multiparty
(brӘzĭl'), Port. Brasil , officially Federative Republic of Brazil, republic (2015 est. pop. 205,962,000), 3,286,470 sq mi (8,511,965 sq km), E South
The Republic of Benin, formerly called Dahomey, is one of Africa's smallest countries. It extends N to S for about 620km [390mi]. The coastline on the
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Topic
Guam
(gwäm), Chamorro GuÅhan , officially Territory of Guam, the largest, most populous, and southernmost of the Mariana Islands (see also Northern Mariana
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Topic
Fashion
Introduction When we talk about fashion, we generally think about famous designers such as Chanel or Versace, but the term fashion covers a huge range
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Topic
Trinidad and Tobago
Country in the West Indies, off the coast of Venezuela. Government Trinidad and Tobago is an independent republic within the Commonwealth . It is a
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Topic
Heredity
transmission from generation to generation through the process of reproduction in plants and animals of factors which cause the offspring to resemble
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Topic
common law
system of law that prevails in England and in countries colonized by England. The name is derived from the medieval theory that the law administered
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Topic
Symmetry
generally speaking, a balance or correspondence between various parts of an object; the term symmetry is used both in the arts and in the sciences. In
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Topic
Composition
The word composition typically has two meanings; the first is an individual work of music (i.e., a composition) and the second is the process of
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Topic
Japan
Japan is an island nation in NE Asia containing four large islands - Honshu , Hokkaido , Kyushu and Shikoku - which make up more than 98% of its land.
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Topic
Russia
officially the Russian Federation, Rus. Rossiya , republic (2015 est. pop. 143,888,000), 6,591,100 sq mi (17,070,949 sq km). The country is bounded by
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Topic
Smell
sense that enables an organism to perceive and distinguish the odors of various substances, also known as olfaction. In humans, the organ of smell is
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Topic
Luxembourg
The Grand Duchy of Luxembourg is one of the smallest and oldest countries in Europe. The N belongs to an upland region that includes the Ardennes in
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Topic
Lebanon
The Republic of Lebanon is a country on the E shores of the Mediterranean Sea. Behind the coastal plain are the rugged Lebanon Mountains (Jabal
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Topic
concentration
in chemistry, measure of the relative proportions of two or more quantities in a mixture . The concentration of a solute is very important in studying
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Topic
Prohibition
Prohibition began in the United States in 1920 when the Eighteenth Amendment to the Constitution took effect. The era that it ushered in lasted until
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Topic
Gibraltar
(jĭbrôl'tӘr), British overseas territory (2015 est. pop. 34,000), 2.5 sq mi (6.5 sq km), on a narrow, rocky peninsula extending into the Mediterranean
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Topic
Uruguay
The Oriental Republic of Uruguay, as Uruguay is officially known, is South America's second smallest independent nation after Suriname. The River
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Topic
poor law
English system for relief for the poor, established by the Poor Relief Act of 1601. Each parish was responsible for its own poor, paid for by a parish
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Topic
magnitude
in astronomy, measure of the brightness of a star or other celestial object. The stars cataloged by Ptolemy (2d cent. A.D. ), all visible with the
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Topic
Guinea-Bissau
(gĭn'ē-bĭs´´sou'), officially Republic of Guinea-Bissau, republic (2015 est. pop. 1,771,000), 13,948 sq mi (36,125 sq km), W Africa. It borders on the
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Topic
Netherlands
(nĕð'ӘrlӘndz), Du. Nederland or Koninkrijk der Nederlanden , officially Kingdom of the Netherlands, constitutional monarchy (2015 est. pop.
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Topic
optics
The ability to manipulate light dates back to ancient times. The understanding of the nature of light, which involved debates over whether it is
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Topic
Sweden
Country in northern Europe, bounded west by Norway, northeast by Finland and the Gulf of Bothnia, southeast by the Baltic Sea, and southwest by the
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Topic
Taiwan
(tī'wän'), Portuguese Formosa , officially Republic of China, island nation (2015 est. pop. 23,486,000), 13,885 sq mi (35,961 sq km), in the Pacific
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Topic
Bangladesh
(bäng-lädĕsh', băng–) [Bengali,=Bengal nation], officially People's Republic of Bangladesh, republic (2015 est. pop. 161,201,000), 55,126 sq mi
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Topic
Kazakhstan
Country in central Asia, bounded north by Russia, west by the Caspian Sea, east by China, and south by Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, and Kyrgyzstan.
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Topic
Bahrain
The Kingdom of Bahrain, a former Emirate and now a constitutional hereditary monarchy, is an archipelago consisting of more than 30 islands in the
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Topic
Dominican Republic
(dӘmĭn'ĭkӘn), republic (2015 est. pop. 10,528,000), 18,700 sq mi (48,442 sq km), West Indies, on the eastern two thirds of the island of Hispaniola .
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Topic
Seychelles
Country in the Indian Ocean, off east Africa, north of Madagascar. Government Seychelles is a republic within the Commonwealth with a multiparty
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Topic
United Arab Emirates
federation of sheikhdoms (2015 est. pop. 5,780,000), c.30,000 sq mi (77,700 sq km), SE Arabia, on the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman. The
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Topic
Vanuatu
Group of islands in the southwest Pacific Ocean, part of Melanesia . Government Vanuatu is an independent republic within the Commonwealth , with a
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Topic
Comoros
Country in the Indian Ocean between Madagascar and the east coast of Africa, comprising three islands – Njazidja (Grande Comore), Nzwani (Anjouan),
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Topic
Maldives
Group of 1,196 islands in the north Indian Ocean, about 640 km/400 mi southwest of Sri Lanka; only 203 of them are inhabited. Government The Maldives
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Topic
Mauritania
(môrĭtā'nēӘ), officially Islamic Republic of Mauritania, republic (2015 est. pop. 4,182,000), 397,953 sq mi (1,030,700 sq km), NW Africa. It borders
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Topic
Gabon
(gäbôN'), officially Gabonese Republic, republic (2015 est. pop. 1,930,000), 103,346 sq mi (267,667 sq km), W central Africa. It borders on the
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Topic
Honduras
(hŏndʊr'Әs, –dyʊr'–; Span., ōndō'räs), officially Republic of Honduras, republic (2015 est. pop. 8,961,000), 43,277 sq mi (112,088 sq km), Central
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Topic
Jamaica
(jӘmā'kӘ), independent state within the Commonwealth (2015 est. pop. 2,872,000), 4,232 sq mi (10,962 sq km), coextensive with the island of Jamaica,
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Topic
Peru
Country in South America, on the Pacific, bounded north by Ecuador and Colombia, east by Brazil and Bolivia, and south by Chile. Government Peru is a
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Topic
Malta
Island in the Mediterranean Sea, south of Sicily, east of Tunisia, and north of Libya. Government Malta is a multiparty liberal democracy, with a
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Topic
Monaco
(mŏn'Әkō, mōnä'kō, Fr. mônäkō'), officially Principality of Monaco, independent principality (2015 est. pop. 38,000), c.370 acres (150 hectares), on
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Topic
Suriname
(sʊrĭnäm', –năm'), officially Republic of Suriname, republic (2015 est. pop. 553,000), 63,037 sq mi (163,266 sq km), NE South America, on the Atlantic
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Topic
Netherlands Antilles
former autonomous country in the Kingdom of the Netherlands consisting of several islands in the West Indies. Earlier known as the Dutch West Indies
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Topic
Lesotho
(lӘsō'tō), officially Kingdom of Lesotho, kingdom (2015 est. pop. 2,175,000), 11,720 sq mi (30,355 sq km), S Africa. It is an enclave within the
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Topic
Vietnam
(vēĕt'näm), officially Socialist Republic of Vietnam, republic (2015 est. pop. 93,572,000), 128,400 sq mi (332,642 sq km), Southeast Asia. Occupying
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Topic
Hong Kong (China)
(hŏng kŏng), Mandarin Xianggang , special administrative region of China, formerly a British crown colony (2015 est. pop. 7,246,000), land area 422 sq
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Topic
Malaysia
(mӘlā'zhӘ), independent federation (2015 est. pop. 30,723,000), 128,430 sq mi (332,633 sq km), Southeast Asia. The official capital and by far the
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Topic
India
The Republic of India - the world's seventh largest country - extends from high in the Himalayas , through the Tropic of Cancer, to the warm waters of
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Topic
Uganda
(yōgän'dӘ, ōgän'dä), officially Republic of Uganda, republic (2015 est. pop. 37,102,000), 91,133 sq mi (236,036 sq km), E central Africa. It borders
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Topic
Egypt
Country in northeast Africa, bounded to the north by the Mediterranean Sea, east by the Palestinian-controlled Gaza Strip, Israel, and the Red Sea,
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Topic
Equatorial Guinea
(gĭn'ē), officially Republic of Equatorial Guinea, republic (2015 est. pop. 741,000), 10,830 sq mi (28,051 sq km), W central Africa. It includes the
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Topic
Oman
The Sultanate of Oman is the oldest independent nation in the Arab world. It occupies the SE corner of the Arabian peninsula and includes the tip of
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Topic
Canada
(kăn'ӘdӘ), independent nation (2015 est. pop. 35,950,000), 3,851,787 sq mi (9,976,128 sq km), N North America. Canada occupies all of North America N
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Topic
Dominica
Island in the eastern Caribbean, between Guadeloupe and Martinique, the largest of the Windward Islands, with the Atlantic Ocean to the east and the
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Topic
Grenada
Island country in the Caribbean, the southernmost of the Windward Islands. Government Grenada is a multiparty parliamentary democracy. Its
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Topic
Austria
(ô'strēӘ), Ger. Österreich [eastern march], officially Republic of Austria, federal republic (2015 est. pop. 8,679,000), 32,374 sq mi (83,849 sq km),
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Topic
Liberia
(lībēr'ēӘ) [New Lat.,=place of freedom], officially Republic of Liberia, republic (2015 est. pop. 4,500,000), 43,000 sq mi (111,370 sq km), W Africa.
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Topic
Mexico
The United Mexican States is the world's largest Spanish-speaking country. It is largely mountainous. The Sierra Madre Occidental begins in the NW
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Topic
Samoa
Country in the southwest Pacific Ocean, in Polynesia , northeast of Fiji Islands. Government Samoa is an independent republic within the Commonwealth
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Topic
Uzbekistan
(ʊzbĕkĭstän'), Uzbek Ozbekiston , officially Republic of Uzbekistan, republic (2015 est. pop. 29,200,000), 173,552 sq mi (449,500 sq km), central
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Topic
Cambodia
(kămbō'dēӘ), Khmer Kampuchea , officially Kingdom of Cambodia, constitutional monarchy (2015 est. pop. 15,518,000), 69,898 sq mi (181,035 sq km), SE
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Topic
Burundi
(bӘrōn'dē), officially Republic of Burundi, republic (2015 est. pop. 10,199,000), 10,747 sq mi (27,834 sq km), E central Africa. It borders on Rwanda
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Topic
Tonga
(tŏng'gӘ), officially Kingdom of Tonga, island kingdom (2015 est. pop. 106,000), 270 sq mi (699 sq km), South Pacific, c.2000 mi (3,220 km) NE of
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Topic
Somalia
(sōmä'leӘ), officially Federal Republic of Somalia, country (2015 est. pop. 10,616,000), 246,200 sq mi (637,657 sq km), extreme E Africa. It is
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Topic
Colombia
(kӘlŭm'bēӘ, Span. kōlōm'byä), officially Republic of Colombia, republic (2015 est. pop. 48,229,000), 439,735 sq mi (1,138,914 sq km), NW South
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Topic
Haiti
(hā'tē), Fr. Haïti (äētē'), officially Republic of Haiti, republic (2015 est. pop. 10,711,000), 10,700 sq mi (27,713 sq km), West Indies, on the
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Topic
Portugal
Country in southwestern Europe, on the Atlantic Ocean, bounded north and east by Spain. Government Portugal is a multiparty liberal democracy, with
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Topic
Creation
In Judaism and Christianity, God's creation of the universe. It is described in Genesis 1 and 2, the first book of the Hebrew Bible (Old Testament).
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Topic
Chile
(chĭl'ē, Span. chē'lā), officially Republic of Chile, republic (2015 est. pop. 17,763,000), 292,256 sq mi (756,945 sq km), S South America, west of
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Topic
China
The vast area of the People's Republic of China extends from 53° to 18°N and from 73° to 135°E in central and eastern Asia. It has a range of climates
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Topic
Paraguay
Landlocked country in South America, bounded northeast by Brazil, south by Argentina, and northwest by Bolivia. Government Paraguay has a multiparty
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Topic
Latvia
Country in northern Europe, bounded east by Russia, north by Estonia, north and northwest by the Baltic Sea, south by Lithuania, and southeast by
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Topic
Serbia
(sûr'bēӘ), Serbian Srbija (sŭr'bēä), officially Republic of Serbia, republic (2015 est. pop. 8,851,000), 34,116 sq mi (88,361 sq km), W central Balkan
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Topic
Cook Islands
island group (2015 est. pop. 17,000), 90 sq mi (234 sq km), S Pacific, SE of Samoa; a self-governing state in free association with New Zealand. It
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Topic
Burkina Faso
(burkē'nӘ fä'sō), republic (2015 est. pop. 18,111,000), 105,869 sq mi (274,200 sq km), W Africa. It borders on Mali in the west and north, on Niger in
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Topic
Venezuela
(vĕnӘzwā'lӘ, Span. vānāswā'lä), officially the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela, republic (2015 est. pop. 29,275,000), 352,143 sq mi (912,050 sq km),
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Topic
Israel
The State of Israel is a small country in the E Mediterranean. Inland lie the Judaeo-Galilean highlands, from N Israel to the N tip of the Negev
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Topic
Yemen (Republic)
(yĕm'Әn), officially Republic of Yemen, republic (2015 est. pop. 26,916,000), 207,300 sq mi (535,800 sq km), SW Asia, at the southern edge of the
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Topic
Qatar
The State of Qatar occupies a long, narrow peninsula jutting into the Persian Gulf. The peninsula is about 200km [12mi] long, with a greatest width of
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Topic
Ecuador
(ĕk'wӘdôr) [Span., = equator], officially Republic of Ecuador, republic (2015 est. pop. 16,144,000), 109,483 sq mi (283,561 sq km), W South America.
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Topic
Ethiopia
(ēthēō'pēӘ), officially Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, republic (2015 est. pop. 99,873,000), 471,776 sq mi (1,221,900 sq km), NE Africa. It
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Topic
Northern Mariana Islands
(märēä'nä), officially Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, a self-governing entity in association with the United States (2015 est. pop.
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Virgin Islands
group of about 100 small islands, West Indies , E of Puerto Rico. The islands are divided politically between the United States and Great Britain.
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Topic
Kosovo
Majority recognized state in southeastern Europe; capital Priština ; area 10,900 sq km/4,207 sq mi; population (2003 est) 2,088,700, of which about
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Topic
Cyprus
Island in the Mediterranean Sea, off the south coast of Turkey and west coast of Syria. Government Cyprus has two governments: an internationally
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Topic
Rwanda
(rʊän'dä), officially Republic of Rwanda, republic (2015 est. pop. 11,630,000), 10,169 sq mi (26,338 sq km), E central Africa. It borders on Congo
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Topic
Mali
(mä'lē), officially Republic of Mali, independent republic (2015 est. pop. 17,468,000), 478,764 sq mi (1,240,000 sq km), the largest country in W
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Topic
Tokelau
(tōkӘlou', tōkĕlä'ō) formerly Union Islands, island group (2015 est. pop. 1,500), c.5 sq mi (c.12 sq km), S Pacific, a self-administering territory of
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Topic
Namibia
(nämĭb'ēӘ), officially Republic of Namibia, republic (2015 est. pop. 2,426,000), c.318,000 sq mi (823,620 sq km), SW Africa. It is bordered by Angola
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Topic
Panama
Country in Central America, on a narrow isthmus between the Caribbean and the Pacific Ocean, bounded west by Costa Rica and east by Colombia.
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Topic
Moldova
Country in east-central Europe, bounded north, south, and east by Ukraine, and west by Romania. Government Moldova is a multiparty democracy, with
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Topic
Ireland
Irish Eire (âr'Ә) [to it are related the poetic Erin and perhaps the Latin Hibernia ], island, 32,598 sq mi (84,429 sq km), second largest of the
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Topic
Enlightenment
As an intellectual catchword ‘the Enlightenment’ ( Aufklärung , Age of Reason, le siècle des Lumières ) names a historical epoch (broadly
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Topic
Eritrea
(ĕrĭtrē'Ә), officially State of Eritrea, republic (2015 est. pop. 4,847,000), c.48,000 sq mi (124,320 sq km), NE Africa. It is bordered on the
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Topic
Georgia (Republic)
Georgia is located on the borders of Europe and Asia, facing the Black Sea. The land is rugged with the Caucasus Mountains forming its northern
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Topic
Chad
(chăd, chäd), officially Republic of Chad, republic (2015 est. pop. 11,631,000), 495,752 sq mi (1,284,000 sq km), N central Africa. Chad is bordered
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Topic
Nepal
(nӘpôl'), independent nation (2015 est. pop. 28,656,000), c.54,000 sq mi (139,860 sq km), central Asia. Landlocked and isolated by the Himalayas,
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Topic
Romania
Country in southeast Europe, bounded north and east by Ukraine, east by Moldova, southeast by the Black Sea, south by Bulgaria, southwest by Serbia,
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Topic
Brunei
Country comprising two enclaves on the northwest coast of the island of Borneo, bounded to the landward side by Sarawak and to the northwest by the
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Topic
Sierra Leone
(sēĕr'Ә lēō'nē, lēōn'; sēr'Ә lēōn), officially Republic of Sierra Leone, republic (2015 est. pop. 5,879,000), 27,699 sq mi (71,740 sq km), W Africa.
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Topic
Bulgaria
(bŭlgâr'ēӘ), Bulgarian Balgarija , officially Republic of Bulgaria, republic (2015 est. pop. 7,177,000), 42,823 sq mi (110,912 sq km), SE Europe, on
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Topic
Croatia
(krōā'shӘ), Croatian Hrvatska , officially Republic of Croatia, republic (2015 est. pop. 4,236,000), 21,824 sq mi (56,524 sq km), in the northwest
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Topic
Greenland
Green. Kalaallit Nunaat , Dan. Grønland , the largest island in the world (2015 est. pop. 56,000), 836,109 sq mi (2,166,086 sq km), self-governing
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Topic
San Marino
(sän märē'nō), officially Republic of San Marino, republic (2015 est. pop. 33,000), 24 sq mi (62 sq km), in the Apennines near the Adriatic Sea, SW of
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Topic
Indonesia
Country in southeast Asia, made up of 13,677 islands situated on or near the Equator, between the Indian and Pacific oceans. It is the world's fourth
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Topic
Marshall Islands
Country in the west Pacific Ocean, part of Micronesia, occupying 31 atolls (the Ratak and Ralik chains). Government The Marshall Islands has a mixed
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Topic
Norfolk Island
(nôr'fӘk), island (2005 est. pop. 1,800), 13 sq mi (34 sq km), South Pacific, a territory of Australia, c.1,035 mi (1,670 km) NE of Sydney. Its
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Topic
Turkmenistan
(tōrkmyĕ´´nyĭstän'), republic (2015 est. pop. 5,565,000), 188,455 sq mi (488,100 sq km), central Asia. It borders on Afghanistan and Iran in the
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Topic
New Caledonia
Fr. Nouvelle Calédonie , officially Territory of New Caledonia and Dependencies, internally self-governing dependency of France (2015 est. pop.
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Topic
Tuvalu
Country in the southwest Pacific Ocean; formerly (until 1978) the Ellice Islands; part of Polynesia . Government The constitution dates from 1978 when
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Topic
French Polynesia
officially Overseas Lands of French Polynesia, internally self-governing dependency (2015 est. pop. 278,000) of France, consisting of 118 islands in
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Topic
South Africa
Country on the southern tip of Africa, bounded north by Namibia, Botswana, and Zimbabwe and northeast by Mozambique and Swaziland. Government South
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Topic
Jordan
Country in southwest Asia, bounded north by Syria, northeast by Iraq, east, southeast, and south by Saudi Arabia, south by the Gulf of Aqaba, and west
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Topic
Mongolia
Country in east-Central Asia, bounded north by Russia and south by China. Government Mongolia is a multiparty democracy with a dual executive of
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Topic
Belgium
Country in Western Europe, bounded to the north by the Netherlands, to the northwest by the North Sea, to the south and west by France, and to the
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Topic
Australia
Country occupying all of the Earth's smallest continent, situated south of Indonesia, between the Pacific and Indian oceans. Government Australia is
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Topic
Denmark
Peninsula and islands in northern Europe, bounded to the north by the Skagerrak arm of the North Sea, east by the Kattegat strait, south by Germany,
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Topic
Montserrat
Volcanic island in the West Indies, one of the Leeward group, a British crown colony; capital Plymouth; area 110 sq km/42 sq mi; population (2001)
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Topic
Norway
Nor. Norge , officially Kingdom of Norway, constitutional monarchy (2015 est. pop. 5,200,000), 125,181 sq mi (324,219 sq km), N Europe, occupying the
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Topic
Botswana
(bŏtswä'nӘ), officially Republic of Botswana, republic (2015 est. pop. 2,209,000), 231,804 sq mi (600,372 sq km), S central Africa. It is bordered by
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Topic
Mozambique
Country in southeast Africa, bounded north by Zambia, Malawi, and Tanzania; east and south by the Indian Ocean; southwest by South Africa and
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Topic
Singapore
Country in southeast Asia, off the tip of the Malay Peninsula. Government Singapore is a multiparty democracy with a prime ministerial political
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Topic
Philippines
Country in southeast Asia, on an archipelago of more than 7,000 islands west of the Pacific Ocean and south of the Southeast Asian mainland.
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Topic
Bhutan
(bōtän'), officially Kingdom of Bhutan, kingdom (2015 est. pop. 787,000), 18,147 sq mi (47,000 sq km), in the E Himalayas, southern Asia. It is
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Topic
Realism in art
In the arts and literature generally, a ‘true-to-life’ approach to subject matter; also described as naturalism . Taken to its extreme, trompe l'oeil
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Topic
New Zealand
Country in the southwest Pacific Ocean, southeast of Australia, comprising two main islands, North Island and South Island, and other small islands.
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Topic
Guinea
The Republic of Guinea, which faces the Atlantic Ocean in W Africa, can be divided into four regions: an alluvial coastal plain, which includes the
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Topic
American Samoa
officially Territory of American Samoa, unincorporated territory of the United States (2015 est. pop. 56,000), comprising the eastern half of the
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Topic
Antigua and Barbuda
Country comprising three islands in the eastern Caribbean (Antigua, Barbuda, and uninhabited Redonda). Government Antigua and Barbuda is an
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Topic
Mauritius
(môrĭsh'ēӘs, –Әs), officially Republic of Mauritius, republic (2015 est. pop. 1,259,000), 790 sq mi (2,046 sq km), in the SW Indian Ocean. It is part
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Topic
Nigeria
(nījĭr'ēӘ), officially Federal Republic of Nigeria, republic (2015 est. pop. 181,182,000), 356,667 sq mi (923,768 sq km), W Africa. It borders on the
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Topic
Poland
Pol. Polska , officially Republic of Poland, republic (2015 est. pop. 38,265,000), 120,725 sq mi (312,677 sq km), central Europe. It borders on
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Topic
Ukraine
(yō'krān, yōkrān'), Ukr. Ukraina , republic (2015 est. pop. 44,658,000), 232,046 sq mi (601,000 sq km), E Europe. It borders on Poland in the
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Topic
Zimbabwe
The Republic of Zimbabwe is a landlocked country in S Africa. Most of the country lies on a high plateau between the Zambezi and Limpopo Rivers,
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Topic
Afghanistan
(ăfgăn'ĭstăn´´, ăfgän´´ĭstän'), officially Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, republic (2015 est. pop. 33,736,000), 249,999 sq mi (647,497 sq km), S
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Topic
Tanzania
(tăn´´zӘnē'Ә, –zăn'ēӘ, Swahili tänzänē'ä), officially United Republic of Tanzania, republic (2015 est. pop. 51,046,000), 364,898 sq mi (945,087 sq
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Topic
Saudi Arabia
(säō'dē Әrā'bēӘ, sou'–, sô–), officially Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, kingdom (2015 est. pop. 27,752,000), 829,995 sq mi (2,149,690 sq km), comprising
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Topic
United States of America
Federal republic, North America; Lower 48 bounded on N by Canada, on E by the Atlantic Ocean, on S by Mexico and Gulf of Mexico, and on W by the
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Topic
Laos
(lä'ōs), officially Lao People's Democratic Republic, republic (2015 est. pop. 6,664,000), 91,428 sq mi (236,800 sq km), SE Asia. A landlocked nation,
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Topic
Ghana
Country in West Africa, bounded north by Burkina Faso, east by Togo, south by the Gulf of Guinea, and west by Côte d'Ivoire. Government Ghana has a
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Topic
Albania
(ălbā'nyӘ), Albanian Shqipëria or Shqipnija , officially Republic of Albania, republic (2015 est. pop. 2,923,000), 11,101 sq mi (28,752 sq km), SE
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Topic
Pakistan
(păk'ĭstăn´´, päkĭstän'), officially Islamic Republic of Pakistan, republic (2015 est. pop. 189,381,000), 310,403 sq mi (803,944 sq km), S Asia.
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Topic
Finland
Country in Scandinavia, bounded to the north by Norway, east by Russia, south and west by the Baltic Sea, and northwest by Sweden. Government Finland
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Topic
Bolivia
(bōlĭv'ēӘ, Span. bōlē'vyä), officially Plurinational State of Bolivia, republic (2015 est. pop. 10,725,000), 424,162 sq mi (1,098,581 sq km), W South
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Topic
Sri Lanka
Island in the Indian Ocean, off the southeast coast of India. Government Sri Lanka is a multiparty democracy, with a president and prime minister
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Topic
Supreme Court
Highest US judicial tribunal, composed since 1869 of a chief justice and eight associate justices. Appointments are made for life by the president,
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Topic
Social contract
The idea that government authority derives originally from an agreement between ruler and ruled in which the former agrees to provide order in return
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Topic
Barbados
Island country in the Caribbean, one of the Lesser Antilles. It is about 483 km/300 mi north of Venezuela. Government Barbados is a multiparty
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Topic
Armenia
Country in western Asia, bounded east by Azerbaijan, north by Georgia, west by Turkey, and south by Iran. Government Armenia has a multiparty
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Topic
Switzerland
Landlocked country in Western Europe, bounded north by Germany, east by Austria and Liechtenstein, south by Italy, and west by France. Government
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Topic
Cape Verde
(vûd), Port. Cabo Verde , officially Republic of Cape Verde, republic (2015 est. pop. 533,000), c.1,560 sq mi (4,040 sq km), W Africa, in the Atlantic
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Topic
Iceland
Island country in the North Atlantic Ocean, situated south of the Arctic Circle, between Greenland and Norway. Government Iceland is a multiparty
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Topic
France
The Republic of France is the largest country in Western Europe. The scenery is extremely varied. The Vosges Mountains overlook the Rhine Valley in
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Topic
Guatemala
Country in Central America, bounded north and northwest by Mexico, east by Belize and the Caribbean Sea, southeast by Honduras and El Salvador, and
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Topic
Iran
(ērän', ĭrăn'), officially Islamic Republic of Iran, republic (2015 est. pop. 79,360,000), 636,290 sq mi (1,648,000 sq km), SW Asia. The country's
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Topic
Nicaragua
(nĭkärä'gwä), officially Republic of Nicaragua, republic (2015 est. pop. 6,082,000), 49,579 sq mi (128,410 sq km), Central America. Nicaragua is
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Topic
Zambia
(zăm'bēӘ), officially Republic of Zambia, republic (2015 est. pop. 15,066,000), 290,584 sq mi (752,614 sq km), central Africa. It borders on Congo
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Topic
El Salvador
Country in Central America, bounded north and east by Honduras, south and southwest by the Pacific Ocean, and northwest by Guatemala. Government El
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Topic
president
in modern republics, the chief executive and, therefore, the highest officer in a government. Many nations of the world, including the United States,
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Topic
Palau
Country comprising more than 350 islands and atolls (mostly uninhabited) in the west Pacific Ocean. Government Palau has a presidential political
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Topic
Germany
The Federal Republic of Germany lies in the heart of Europe. It is the fifth-largest country in Europe. Germany divides into three geographical
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Topic
Algeria
(ăljēr'ēӘ), Arab. Al Djazair , Fr. Algérie , officially People's Democratic Republic of Algeria, republic (2015 est. pop. 39,872,000), 919,590 sq mi
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Topic
Czech Republic
Landlocked country in east-central Europe, bounded north by Poland, northwest and west by Germany, south by Austria, and east by the Slovak Republic.
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Topic
Tunisia
(tōnē'zhӘ, tyō–), Fr. Tunisie , officially Republic of Tunisia, republic (2015 est. pop. 11,274,000), 63,378 sq mi (164,150 sq km), NW Africa.
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Topic
Andorra
Landlocked country in the east Pyrenees, bounded north by France and south by Spain. Government Under the 1993 constitution, Andorra is an
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Topic
Turkey
The Republic of Turkey lies in two continents. The European section ( Thrace ) lies W of a waterway between the Black and Mediterranean seas - the
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Topic
Central African Republic
republic (2015 est. pop. 4,546,000), 240,534 sq mi (622,983 sq km), central Africa. The landlocked nation is bordered by Chad (N), Sudan and South
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Topic
Cuba
(kyō'bӘ, Span. kō'bä), officially Republic of Cuba, republic (2015 est. pop. 11,461,000), 42,804 sq mi (110,860 sq km), consisting of the island of
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Topic
Djibouti
The Republic of Djibouti is a small country on the NE coast of Africa. The capital is also Djibouti . Djibouti occupies a strategic position around
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Topic
Lithuania
Country in northern Europe, bounded north by Latvia, east by Belarus, south by Poland and the Kaliningrad area of Russia, and west by the Baltic Sea.
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Topic
Saint Lucia
(sānt lō'shӘ, –sēӘ), island nation (2015 est. pop. 177,000), 238 sq mi (616 sq km), West Indies, one of the Windward Islands. The capital is Castries
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Topic
Libya
(lĭb'ēӘ), republic (2015 est. pop. 6,235,000), 679,358 sq mi (1,759,540 sq km), N Africa. It borders on Algeria in the west, on Tunisia in the
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Topic
Madagascar
(măd´´Әgăs'cär), officially Republic of Madagascar, republic (2015 est. pop. 24,234,000), 226,658 sq mi (587,045 sq km), in the Indian Ocean,
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Topic
Spain
Span. España (āspä'nyä), officially Kingdom of Spain, constitutional monarchy (2015 est. pop. 46,398,000), 194,884 sq mi (504,750 sq km), including
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Topic
Kyrgyzstan
(kērgĭstän'), officially Kyrgyz Republic, republic (2015 est. pop. 5,865,000), c.76,600 sq mi (198,400 sq km), central Asia. It borders on China in
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Topic
Senegal
Country in West Africa, on the Atlantic Ocean, bounded to the north by Mauritania, east by Mali, south by Guinea and Guinea-Bissau, and enclosing the
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Topic
Liechtenstein
Independent principality in W central Europe, between Austria (E) and Switzerland (W); the capital is Vaduz. It was formed in 1719 through the merging
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Topic
Nauru
Island country in Polynesia, southwest Pacific, west of Kiribati. Government The constitution dates from independence in 1968. It provides for a
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Topic
Costa Rica
(kŏs'tӘ rē'kӘ), officially Republic of Costa Rica, republic (2015 est. pop. 4,808,000), 19,575 sq mi (50,700 sq km), Central America. It is bounded on
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Topic
Niger
The Republic of Niger is a landlocked nation in N central Africa. The N plateaux lie in the Sahara , while N central Niger contains the rugged Aïr
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Topic
Morocco
Country in northwest Africa, bounded to the north and northwest by the Mediterranean Sea, to the east and southeast by Algeria, and to the south by
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Topic
Iraq
Country in southwest Asia, bounded north by Turkey, east by Iran, southeast by the Gulf and Kuwait, south by Saudi Arabia, and west by Jordan and
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Topic
Thailand
(tī'lănd, –lӘnd), Thai Prathet Thai [land of the free], officially Kingdom of Thailand, constitutional monarchy (2015 est. pop. 68,658,000), 198,455
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Topic
Azerbaijan
Country in western Asia, bounded south by Iran, east by the Caspian Sea, west by Armenia and Georgia, and north by Russia. Government Under its 1995
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Topic
Kenya
(kĕn'yӘ, kēn'–), officially Republic of Kenya, republic (2015 est. pop. 47,236,000), 224,960 sq mi (582,646 sq km), E Africa. Kenya is bordered by
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Topic
Kiribati
Republic in the west central Pacific Ocean, comprising three groups of coral atolls: the 16 Gilbert Islands, 8 uninhabited Phoenix Islands, 8 of the
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Topic
Hungary
The Republic of Hungary is a landlocked country in central Europe. The land is mostly low-lying and drained by the Danube (Duna) and its tributary,
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Topic
Belize
(bӘlēz'), independent state within the Commonwealth of Nations (2015 est. pop. 359,000), 8,867 sq mi (22,965 sq km), Central America, on the Caribbean
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Topic
Tajikistan
(tӘjĭkĭstän'), officially Republic of Tajikistan, republic (2015 est. pop. 8,192,000), 55,251 sq mi (143,100 sq km), central Asia. It borders on China
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Topic
Angola
(ăng-gō'lӘ), officially Republic of Angola (2015 est. pop. 24,300,000), including the exclave of Cabinda , 481,351 sq mi (1,246,700 sq km), SW Africa.
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Topic
Solomon Islands
Country in the southwest Pacific Ocean, east of New Guinea, comprising many hundreds of islands, the largest of which is Guadalcanal. Government The
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Topic
Guyana
(gīăn'Ә, –än'–), officially Co-operative Republic of Guyana, republic (2015 est. pop. 769,000), 83,000 sq mi (214,969 sq km), NE South America. It is
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Topic
Estonia
Country in northern Europe, bounded east by Russia, south by Latvia, and north and west by the Baltic Sea. Government Estonia is a multiparty
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Topic
Argentina
(ärjӘntē'nӘ, Span. ärhāntē'nä), officially Argentine Republic, republic (2015 est. pop. 43,418,000), 1,072,157 sq mi (2,776,889 sq km), S South
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Topic
Papua New Guinea
Country in the southwest Pacific, comprising the eastern part of the island of New Guinea, the Bismarck Archipelago, and part of the Solomon Islands.
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Topic
Swaziland
(swä'zēlănd), officially Kingdom of Swaziland, kingdom (2015 est. pop. 1,319,000), 6,705 sq mi (17,366 sq km), SE Africa. It is bordered on the S, W,
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Topic
Bermuda Islands
(bûrmyō'dӘ), British dependency (2015 est. pop. 70,000), 21 sq mi (53 sq km), comprising some 150 coral rocks, islets, and islands (of which some 20
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Topic
Montenegro
(mŏn´´tӘnē'grō), Serbo-Croatian Crna Gora , officially Republic of Montenegro, republic (2015 est. pop. 628,000), 5,332 sq mi (13,810 sq km), W Balkan
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Topic
Kuwait
Country in southwest Asia, bounded north and northwest by Iraq, east by the Gulf, and south and southwest by Saudi Arabia. Government Under its 1962
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Topic
Sudan
(sōdăn'), officially Republic of the Sudan, republic (2015 est. pop. 38,648,000), 718,723 sq mi (1,861,484 sq km), NE Africa. It borders on Egypt in
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Topic
Equal Rights Amendment
Proposed amendment to the US Constitution to provide for the equality of sexes under the law, originally proposed in 1923 by Alice Paul , a leader of
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Topic
Malawi
(mӘlä'wē), officially Republic of Malawi, republic (2015 est. pop. 17,574,000), 45,200 sq mi (117,068 sq km), E central Africa. It borders on Zambia